Chronic

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness,...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. The primary symptom is hear...

Irritable Bowel Syndrome IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting a substantial proportion of the global ...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IBD encompasses Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis, chronic inflammatory conditions of the...

Gallstones cholelithiasis affect approximately 10 to 15 percent of adults in developed countries. Stones form when bile ...

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, affects approximately 1.4 billion adults aged 30 to 79 worldwide, with approximate...

Coronary Artery Disease CAD is the most common type of heart disease and the leading cause of death globally, killing ap...

Heart failure affects approximately 64 million people worldwide. It occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to me...

Atrial fibrillation AFib is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, affecting approximately 37 million people worl...

Type 2 diabetes affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and is one of the fastest growing chronic diseases. It ...

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system destroys the insulin producing beta cells of the pan...

Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones T4 and T3...

Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, occurs when the thyroid produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. The most...

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to incr...

Osteoarthritis OA is the most common joint disorder, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. It involves pro...

Rheumatoid arthritis RA is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease primarily affecting the synovial joints. It affects...

Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting approximately 620 million people globally. It is t...

Migraine is a neurological disorder affecting approximately 1 billion people worldwide, making it the third most prevale...

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, affecting approximately 50 million p...

Parkinsons disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting dopamine producing neurons in the sub...

Alzheimers disease is the most common cause of dementia, contributing to an estimated 60 to 70 percent of cases. Dementi...

Multiple Sclerosis MS is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system affecting approximately 2.8 m...

Major depressive disorder MDD affects approximately 280 million people worldwide according to WHO and is a leading cause...

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health disorders, affecting approximately 301 million people worldwide. The...

Bipolar disorder affects approximately 40 million people worldwide according to WHO, with lifetime estimates of around 1...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD affects roughly 5 percent of children and a smaller proportion of adults w...

Insomnia disorder affects approximately 10 percent of adults chronically and 30 to 35 percent occasionally. Diagnostic c...

Atopic dermatitis, commonly called eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting hundreds of millions of pe...

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 60 million people worldwide. It is c...

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin conditions, affecting approximately 85 percent of people aged 12 to 24 at s...

Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer, accounting for approximately 1 percent of skin cancers but the major...

Anemia affects well over a billion people worldwide, making it the most common blood disorder. The World Health Organiza...

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to elevated intraocular pressure IOP, leading...

Cataracts involve clouding of the lens inside the eye, leading to progressive vision loss. They are a leading cause of b...

Tinnitus is the perception of sound without an external source, affecting an estimated 10 to 15 percent of people. It is...

WHO has estimated that disabling hearing loss affects more than 400 million people worldwide, including tens of millions...

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus, and are very common, affecting a large proportion of adults ...

Cirrhosis is advanced scarring fibrosis of the liver, estimated to affect more than 100 million people worldwide. It is ...

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints, affecting tens of ...

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder affecting approximately 2 to 4 percent of the global population, predominantly w...

Endometriosis affects approximately 190 million women of reproductive age worldwide, approximately 10 percent. It occurs...

Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation, defined as 12 consecutive months without a period. The average age...

Erectile dysfunction ED is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performan...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH is non cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, affecting approximately 50 percent ...

Obstructive sleep apnea OSA is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep...

Food allergies affect many millions of people worldwide, with estimates in some high income countries of several percent...

Vitamin D deficiency is very common, with estimates suggesting around a billion people worldwide have low levels. Vitami...

Hereditary hemochromatosis is the most common genetic disorder in people of Northern European descent, affecting approxi...

Cushing syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess cortisol. Harvey Cushing described the condition in 1932. The m...

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting approximate...

Thyroid nodules are very common, found in approximately 50 to 65 percent of adults on ultrasound, though most are asympt...

Restless Legs Syndrome RLS, also called Willis Ekbom disease, affects approximately 5 to 10 percent of the population. I...

Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological sleep disorder affecting approximately 1 in 2,000 people. Type 1 narcolepsy with ca...

Hypercalcemia is an elevated serum calcium level above 10.5 mg dL 2.6 mmol L with normal albumin, or corrected calcium. ...

Metabolic syndrome affects approximately 25 percent of adults globally, representing a cluster of metabolic abnormalitie...

Vitamin B12 cobalamin deficiency affects approximately 6 percent of adults under 60 and approximately 20 percent over 60...

Folate vitamin B9 deficiency is less common than B12 deficiency but has important implications. Folate is essential for ...